The Exchange
Leaving gmail?
3 European alternatives, ranked on cited evidence: ownership, jurisdiction, and where your data actually lives.
The verdict
The strongest European option replacing gmail is mailbox.org: Privacy-focused email and groupware from Berlin, ISO 27001 and BSI C5 certified, scored 91/100 ahead of 2 others.
Jurisdiction 100 · Independence 78 · how we score
91 /100 Partial
All alternatives, side by side
| # | Service | HQ | Governing law | Score | FIE-SEAL | Visit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | mailbox.org Privacy-focused email and groupware from Berlin, ISO 27001 and BSI C5 certified. Alternative to Gmail · Google Workspace | DE | German law; subject to GDPR and German data-protection regulation | 91 Partial Jurisdiction 100 Independence 78 | SEAL-1 | Dossier → |
| 02 | Tuta End-to-end-encrypted email and calendar from Germany, open-source and ad-free. Alternative to Gmail · Google Workspace | DE | German law; subject to GDPR and German data-protection regulation | 91 Partial Jurisdiction 100 Independence 78 | SEAL-1 | Dossier → |
| 03 | Proton Mail End-to-end-encrypted email from Switzerland. Alternative to Gmail · Google Workspace | CH | Governed by Swiss law; outside EU and US jurisdiction | 65 Partial Jurisdiction 60 Independence 72 | SEAL-1 | Dossier → |
No services match these filters.